Database task

INTRODUCTION

The hierarchical data model is the most traditional type of data model. It uses a tree-like structure to arrange data. Nodes in a hierarchical model are linked by branches. The topmost node is referred to as the root node. If several nodes occur at the top level, these are referred to as root segments. Each node has a single parent. A single parent can have multiple children.

The network data model is a more sophisticated variant of the hierarchical data model. Instead of a tree-structure, it uses guided graphs to arrange results. This child could have two or more parents. It employs the concepts of two data structures: records and collections.

The relational data model physical links as they are in the hierarchical data model. Only tables are used to display results. It is just concerned with the details and not with the physical structure. It contains metadata-related material. The tuple would have just one value at the intersection of row and column. It allows you to easily manage the questions.

The Structured Query Language (SQL) is the industry standard for working with relational databases. Tables describe relationships in a relational database. SQL programming can be used to efficiently insert, browse, edit, and erase database information. That doesn’t mean SQL can’t do anything else. It is capable of a wide variety of functions, including, but not limited to, managing and sustaining databanks.

NoSQL is basically a non-relational database management scheme that does not need a static structure, does not require joins, and is easy to scale. NoSQL databases are typically used in distributed data stores with large data space requirements. NoSQL is utilized in big data and real-time smartphone devices. Every day, organizations like twitter, facebook, and google generate large amounts of user data. The acronym NoSQL stands for “Not Just SQL” or “Not SQL.” Traditional relational database management systems (RDBMS) use SQL syntax to store and retrieve data for further analysis. A NoSQL database architecture, on the other hand, incorporates a broad variety of database technology capable of storing structured, semi-structured, unstructured, and polymorphic data.

MODELLING

CONCEPTUAL

            The entities in the in the airline scenario are Passenger, Flight, Employee, Job Description, Salary, Plane/Aircraft, Payment and Book Ticket/Ticket

LOGICAL

Normalization as it is a good database technique of coming up with a good relation database. For the case of the Mars Airline, the entities are split into smaller tables that are able to accommodate the various relationships. The primary requirements become the UNF. Further, 1NF is obtained by making the data atomic and a primary key assigned. Foreign key is also used to link other related tables in the scenario. 2NF is gotten by making sure that all the redundant attributes and fields are link by a primary key and foreign key. For the case of 3NF, the deal is to make sure that the information contained has no transitive dependencies.

 

UNF	1NF	2NF	3NF	Entities
Passenger	Passenger	Passenger	Passenger	Passenger
name	name	passportid PK	passportid PK
Address	address	name	name
phone_number	phone_number	address	address
email_address	email_address	phone_number	phone_number
dateofbirth	dateofbirth	email_address	email_address
Flight	passportid	dateofbirth	dateofbirth
flight number	nationality	nationality	nationality
origin	gender	gender	gender
destination	Flight	Flight	flight number FK
departure time	flight number	flight number PK	Planeid FK
arrival time	origin	origin	Paymentid FK
capacity	destination	destination	Ticketid FK
flightclass	boarding time	boarding time	Chekinid FK
Employee	departure time	departure time	Flight	Flight
name	arrival time	arrival time	flight number PK
address	flight status	flight status	origin
salary	flight length	flight length	numberofpassengers
identification_number	flightclass	flightclass	numberof flights
flight information	flyingnumber	Employee	destination
Jobdescription	Employee	identification_number PK	boarding time
Qualification	name	name	departure time
Plane/Aircraft	address	address	arrival time
Model	identification_number	JobDescription	flight status
manufacturers	JobDescription	Jobid PK	flight length
planetype	jobrole	jobrole	flightclass
Payment	Jobdescription	Jobdescription	passportid FK
Paymenttype	jobqualification	jobqualification	identification_number FK
Paymentdate	Salary	Salary	Jobid FK
Currency	Currency	Salaryid PK	Salaryid FK
Amount	Salary payment method	Currency	Planeid FK
Book_Ticket/Ticket	Amount	Salary payment method	Paymentid FK
Ticketdate	Frequency	Amount	Ticketid FK
Ticketdescription	Taxcode	Frequency	Chekinid FK
Seat	Paymentdate	Taxcode	Employee	Employee
Flyingnumber	Holidaypayment	Paymentdate	identification_number PK
Tickettype	bonus	Holidaypayment	name
Luggageweight	Plane/Aircraft	bonus	address
	Model	Plane/Aircraft	flight number FK
	manufacturers	Planeid PK	Jobid FK
	planetype	Model	Salaryid FK
	capacity	manufacturers	Planeid FK
	Payment	planetype	JobDescription	JobDescription
	Paymenttype	capacity	Jobid PK
	Paymentdate	Payment	jobrole
	Currency	Paymentid PK	Jobdescription
	Amount	Paymenttype	Jobqualification
		Paymentdate	flight number FK
		Currency	identification_number FK
		Amount	Salaryid FK
		Book_Ticket/Ticket	Planeid FK
		Ticketid PK	Salary	Salary
		Ticketdate	Salaryid PK
		Ticketdescription	Currency
		seatreservation	Salary payment method
		Tickettype	Amount
		Quantity	Frequency
		CheckIn Table	Taxcode
		Chekinid PK	Paymentdate
		checkindate	Holidaypayment
			Bonus
			flight number FK
			identification_number FK
			Plane/Aircraft	Plane/Aircraft
			Planeid PK
			Model
			manufacturers
			planetype
			capacity
			passportid FK
			flight number FK
			identification_number FK
			Jobid FK
			Salaryid FK
			Paymentid FK
			Ticketid FK
			Chekinid FK
			Payment	Payment
			Paymentid PK
			Paymenttype
			Paymentdate
			Currency
			Amount
			Passportid FK
			flight number FK
			Planeid FK
			Ticketid FK
			Chekinid FK
			Book_Ticket/Ticket	Book_Ticket/Ticket
			Ticketid PK
			Ticketdate
			Ticketdescription
			seatreservation
			Tickettype
			Quantity
			Passportid FK
			flight number FK
			Planeid FK
			Paymentid FK
			Chekinid FK
			CheckIn Table
			Chekinid PK
			Checkindate
			Passportid FK
			flight number FK
			Planeid FK
			Paymentid FK
			Ticketid FK

 

PHYSICAL

 

Database Task